Monthly Archives: July 2014

Are Community Gardens More Vulnerable to Diseases and Pests?

In my plot at the Garden RUN community garden in Roxborough, my cucumbers were vigorously climbing a trellis one week. The next week, they went limp and died. When I told my garden neighbor, Chuck, what had happened, he said that he, too, had lost cucumbers as well as squash in similar, sudden fashion. He suspected that cucumber worms, one of the stem borers that wreak havoc with cucurbits, had burrowed into the vines, killing the plants.

Dead cucumber, photographed on July 21, 2014

Dead cucumber, photographed on July 21, 2014

At about the same time, all of my basil plants began to turn yellow then black around the edges. Looking around the garden, I noticed the same thing happening to everyone’s basil. The basil plants in pots in my backyard, meanwhile, are as healthy as can be.

Last year in August, our entire community garden was swarmed with what must have been millions of harlequin beetles. Everyones’ kale and other cole crops were wiped out. In my backyard garden, nary a harlequin beetle showed up.

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Diseased basil, photographed on July 21, 2014

All of which begs the question, are community gardens unusually susceptible to pests and diseases? Or does it just seem that way? I asked an expert, Sally McCabe, who heads a program of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society called Garden Tenders, which trains people wanting to start community gardens. This is her emailed response.

 1)  I think it’s more an issue of perception than of actual percentages. Willie Sutton said he robbed banks “because that’s where the money is.” A greater concentration of vegetables yields more bugs.
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2)  If you’re gardening in both your backyard and a community garden, more times than not you have less sun in your yard than in the cg. More sun in summer leads to more stress, therefore more bugs & disease.

3)  Soil fertility is key. Where is the soil quality better? Yard or garden? Less soil fertility yields more bugs & disease.

4)  Where is access to water better? Better access yields less stressed plants, so less bugs & disease.

5)  Are you an observant gardener? If so, you’ll have less b & d. Garden alone, and you’ll have a consistent, probably healthy garden. Garden next to somebody who doesn’t pay attention to their plot, and their b&d will get out of control, spilling over into yours.

6)  More diversity yields less b&d. Is there more diversity in the home garden?

Luck also must have something to do with it. Sally said that last year, the CSA farm where she is a member lost all of its basil to mildew by midseason, but the basil in her yard and in her community garden plot did fine. Go figure.

Locally Grown on a Historic Farm

Pepper, squash and gooseberries, purchased at Wyck Farmers Market on July 11, and photographed on the farm

Pepper, squash and gooseberries, purchased at Wyck Farmers Market on July 11, and photographed on the farm

If you like farmers markets because you can buy interesting fruits and vegetables that have traveled just a few hours from farm to city, you’ll love the Wyck Farmers Market. The produce displayed on a table on the sidewalk in the decidedly urban neighborhood of Germantown every Friday afternoon from June to November traveled less than a minute from the farm where it was harvested, usually just a few hours before it is offered for sale.

The market has another distinction. Wyck Farm, first established on the site more than 300 years ago, is a National Historic Landmark. The oldest section of the farm house that still stands on the property, sharing a funky stretch of Germantown Avenue with Charley Grey’s Rib Crib, Mecca Pizza and the Brand New Life Christian Center, was built in 1736.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Wyck Farm, which was owned for nine generations by a prominent Quaker family, occupied 50 acres in what was then a rural hamlet several hours by horse and buggy from Philadelphia. What’s left is a 2.5-acre bucolic oasis in the middle of the city, which now surrounds the farm. It is run by an association that offers summer camps and other educational offerings for kids, programs about local history and the weekly farmers market, featuring gourmet produce sold at prices that are fitting for a low-income neighborhood.

On my visits in recent weeks, I purchased carrots, beets, radishes, kale and other staples, as well as specialty items such as garlic scapes, black raspberries and gooseberries. Visitors on market afternoons are welcome to take a self-guided tour of the property. If you have questions about the day’s offerings, the farm manager, Katie Brownell, is happy to chat. If you, like me, are a gardener yourself, you can pick up some pointers from her about which vegetable varieties are doing best, how she is coping with pests and what she expects to have for sale in the weeks ahead.

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Wyck Farm's manager, Katie Brownell

Wyck Farm’s manager, Katie Brownell

Katie was introduced to farming in this region when she worked at farmers markets affiliated with the Food Trust, an organization that helps oversee more than two dozen farmers markets in the city including the Wyck Farmers Market. In that job, she got to know some of the growers, which led to jobs on nearby farms in the region that sell at Philadelphia farmers markets. She later completed a graduate program in organic farming in Michigan.

This is her second year managing the Wyck Home Farm. It is an ongoing learning experience, she says. Some of what she learned in Michigan hasn’t worked here. For example, as she noted in the weekly report that she emails to customers, some lettuce varieties that lasted through the summer in the somewhat cooler climate of Michigan bolted before the end of May in Philadelphia. On the other hand, a tomato variety that was one of her favorites in Michigan, the dramatically striped Copia, thrived in Germantown last year and she expects it to be a star performer again this year.

garlic scapes and large fresh onion, purchased at the market on July 4

garlic scapes and large fresh onion, purchased at the market on July 4

Katie is also looking forward to a mid-summer harvest of a crop that you don’t ordinarily see around here at the hottest time of year: broccoli. The Piracicaba variety, from Brazil, “actually enjoys hot weather,” she wrote in one of her weekly reports. And if you’re looking for something new to eat, keep an eye out for Malabar climbing spinach, a nutritious green that loves 90-degree heat. On my recent tours of the farm, I’ve noticed that it has been about a foot higher on the trellis each week.

Indigo Rose Leads Heirloom Tomato Pack

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Indigo Rose tomatoes, planted in mid-May, are about ready to pick in early July

On May 17, we planted more than a dozen varieties of heirloom tomatoes, supplied by the City Harvest program,  in the plots at Garden RUN that are tended for the benefit of a neighborhood food pantry.  Among all the varieties, the Indigo Rose, photographed above on July 8, is among the first to start to ripen in our garden.

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As an OSU announcement of the release of the Purple Indigo in 2012 explained, it can be tricky to harvest right.  Anthocyanin, the purple pigment, is produced only in the parts of the fruit that are exposed to sunlight. So they tend to develop a purple crown while the bottom stays solid green, giving them a half-ripe look — and leaving the gardener to wonder when the heck they’re supposed to be picked.  The OSU article offers some pointers. “They are ripe when their color changes from a shiny blue-purple to a dull purple-brown.” Avoid the temptation to pick them too soon, but after they’re harvested, if you expose the non-purple parts to sunlight, the whole fruit will be purple in about a week.